In a first part, we point out how the primary minerals can lead to as mobilization and exportation by surface waters and. Michigan has naturally higher arsenic levels in groundwater. Arsenic poisoning, or arsenicosis, occurs after the ingestion or inhalation of high levels of arsenic. Arsenic in drinking water is a global problem affecting countries on all five continents. The standard that limits arsenic in public water supplies, called a maximum contaminant level mcl, has recently been made more stringent. It commonly surfaces by natural processes and often has a negligible presence in water, but can also be exposed in devastating amounts both naturally and due to human industry, typically agricultural irrigation or mining. Iron removal processes can be used to promote arsenic removal from drinking water via adsorption and coprecipitation. Drinking water containing arsenic can have serious shortterm and longterm health effects. Drinking water arsenic rule history on january 22, 2001, epa adopted a new standard for arsenic in drinking water of 0. Arsenic in drinking water evaluates epidemiological data on the carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic health effects. Compared to the rest of the united states, the western.
In accordance with the safe drinking water act sdwa, pou devices listed in the arsenic rule as sscts can be used to remove arsenic from drinking water. The evidence assessed here indicates that arsenic can also cause liver, lung, kidney, and bladder cancer and that the population cancer risks due to arsenic in u. We strongly recommend having no contact with water that contains more than 500 ppb of arsenic. Exposure to high levels of arsenic can cause health effects. Other health problems include heart disease, diabetes, immune effects, and. The current version of arsenic in drinking water, background document for development of who guidelines for drinking water quality, is an update of the background document published in the third edition of the guidelines, which was prepared by mr j. Public health concerns about arsenic in drinking water related to its potential to cause adverse health effects are addressed through the adoption of state and federal drinking water standards, also called maximum contaminant level mcls. The environmental protection agency epa federal drinking water standard for arsenic in drinking water is 10 micrograms per liter gl.
Arsenic and drinking water from private wells wells. The highest levels of arsenic are found in nails and hair, which accumulate arsenic over time. Epa 2006 the world health organization recommends a provisional drinking water guideline of 10 ppb. Education and information about arsenic and drinking water from private wells, including definitions, information on arsenic exposure, how it can be treated, and information on removing arsenic from drinking water. Arsenic is a naturally occurring element that is widely distributed in the earths crust. Case study arsenic in drinking water mcgraw hill education. Longterm exposure to arsenic in drinking water is known to increase risks. The arsenic coalition has successfully raised the level of awareness of the issue of arsenic in drinking water, resulting in greater testing of private wells by the public and enhanced awareness of potential health impact. The processes included in this field study will be two large system technologies, conventional coagulation filtration, and lime softening, and two small system. When present in drinking water, arsenic can be either in. Data compiled by the idaho department of water resources show that concentrations of arsenic in ground water are highest in the southwestern counties of elmore, gem, owyhee, and washington. Arsenic has no smell, taste, or color when dissolved in water, even in high concentrations, and therefore only laboratory analysis can determine the presence and concentration of arsenic in water. Arsenic can get into drinking water from natural deposits or runoff from.
Drinking water in washington typically contains less than 3 parts of arsenic per billion parts of water. Chemical contaminant rules drinking water requirements. It can also be introduced into water through industrial or agricultural practices. Arsenic is a natural element found in the earths crust that behaves as a metal.
Arsenic is present in over 200 minerals, and volcanic activity accounts for over of the natural arsenic present on earth today. This allows the use of smaller filters reducing the treatment plant size and treatment capital costs. Arsenic in drinkingwater world health organization. The moment a person opens a drinking water tap it represents perhaps the most intimate connection between public trust and the governments duty to protect public health. Arsenic in drinking water can be dangerous to your health, but there are several ways to protect your homes water from this common water contaminant. Hundreds of thousands of americans are exposed to health risks from water contaminated with lead, toxic chemicals, and microbes. Do some parts of washington have more arsenic than others do. Pdf rice husk adsorption column method has proved to be a promising solution for arsenic as removal over the other conventional methods. Arsenic is a semimetallic element occurring naturally and abundantly throughout the earth. It has attracted much attention since recognition in the 1990s of its wide occurrence in well water in bangladesh. Lesikar, professor and extension agricultural engineer, texas cooperative extension, rebecca h. Arsenic is a type of carcinogen thats gray, silver, or white in color. Bay of bengal 0 0 200 miles i n d i a bhutan 300 kilometers west bengal kolkata i n d i a nepal myanmar g a n g e s r. Arsenic is used in some veterinary drugs, including those used to treat animals used for commercial food products.
Nrdc fights to secure clean, safe drinking water for all americans. You cannot taste, see, or smell arsenic in your water. Arsenic compounds are found in rock, soil, water and air as well as in plant and animal tissues. This law requires epa to determine the level of contaminants in drinking water at which no adverse health effects are likely to occur. This top provides an uptodate overview covering the extent of the problem of arsenic in drinking water, related health and social problems, arsenic chemistry, analysis and standards, arsenic removal processes and systems, and social and institutional issues associated with mitigation of the problem.
Arsenic in drinking water is absorbed by the body when you swallow it, and distributed by the bloodstream. These data are provided through the routine monitoring of community water systems required under the safe drinking water act and state or communityspecific drinking water regulations. Drinking water can be contaminated with inorganic arsenic by either windblown dust, leaching or runoff from soil, rocks and sediment. Arsenic is a naturally occurring element found in soils and groundwater. As consumers in european countries expect the drinking water to be of impeccable quality, it is recommended that water supply companies optimize arsenic. Federal law requires system operators to notify customers on a quarterly and annual basis when their drinking water violates standards for arsenic or other pollutants. Arsenic in drinking water california state water quality. Massdeps guide to color, taste, and odor in drinking water will help you find the cause of changes to your drinking water and offers potential solutions.
In many parts of the world, including taiwan, argentina and chile, it is a natural contaminant of ground water. Arsenic in drinking water is a hazard to human health. Epa sets enforceable drinking water standards for public water systems, and unless otherwise. Arsenic in drinking water the standard for arsenic in public drinking water systems on february 22, 2002, the environmental protection agency epa revised the arsenic rule to protect consumers against the effects of longterm, chronic exposure to arsenic in drinking water. It occurs naturally in rocks and soil, water, air, and plants and animals. Under certain conditions, arsenic can be released into groundwater and enter water wells. Arsenic variability and related factors identified have potential implications for human health. How people are exposed to arsenic people are most likely to be exposed to inorganic arsenic through drinking water and to a lesser extent through various foods. Inorganic arsenic is commonly found in soil, sediment, and groundwater, while organic arsenic can be found in. Coagulation filtration arsenic in drinking water u. The removal of the chemical solids is easier than removing turbidity solids from surface water, and therefore higher filtration rates can be used. You can use this tipsheet to help you decide what to do next. You may need a pdf reader to view some of the files on this page. Key srp publications in relation to the epa decision to lower the arsenic drinking water standard.
Maximum contaminant level recommendations for arsenic in. A new usgs study investigates how concentrations of arsenic in three drinking water supply wells change at daily, seasonal, and yearly time scales. If the arsenic level in your water is above the drinking water standard of 10 ppb, stop drinking your water. Drinking water with high levels of arsenic can increase the risk for several types of cancer including liver, bladder, kidney, lung and skin cancer. Most arsenic in drinking water comes from natural rock formations.
Getting arsenic on the skin when bathing or washing is not a major health risk, unless the water has arsenic concentrations exceeding 500 parts per billion ppb. Pdf removal of arsenic from drinking water using rice husk. Arsenic also can come from human activities, such as mining or smelting ores that contain arsenic. It is a highprofile problem due to the use of deep tubewells for water supply in the ganges delta, causing serious arsenic poisoning to large numbers of people. In 1974, congress passed the safe drinking water act. Serious problems with arsenic are however concentrated in specific regions within these counties. Many tissues contain arsenic following exposure to the element, but not all represent useful biomarkers.
Hare, senior natural resources specialist, pesticide programs division, texas department of agriculture. Pdf on jan 1, 2007, branislav petrusevski and others published arsenic in drinking water find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Revisions indicated with a vertical line in the left margin. Obtain water from a known safe source for drinking and preparation of beverages or for foods like baby formula, soup, and coffee. Safe drinking water is vital to the public health, welfare and economy of nevada. Inorganic arsenic is naturally present at high levels in the groundwater of many countries, creating an important public health issue affecting millions of people. The first thing to do is switch to bottled water for drinking and for making drinks such as coffee, tea, juice, and infant formula. As water flows through these formations, it can dissolve arsenic and carry it into underground aquifers, streams, or rivers that may become drinking water supplies.
Arsenic enters drinking water sources from natural deposits in the earth, which vary widely. The commissioner of the new jersey department of environmental protection njdep requested that the new jersey drinking water quality institute institute. The arsenic in our drinking water the new york times. Arsenic and clarifications to compliance and new source contaminants final rule pdf exit 91 pp, 961 k, about pdf 66 fr 6976706, january 22, 2001. Arsenic in new jersey ground water arsenic as is a toxic element that is known to pose a risk of adverse health effects in people who consume water containing it. Safe drinking water has been recognized as a fundamental. Unless your arsenic level exceeds 100 ppb, it is safe to bathe in the water and use it for household purposes. It can be found in some drinking water supplies, and wells. Ingestion of arsenic, both from water supplies and medicinal preparations, is known to cause skin cancer. What is the maximum contaminant level for arsenic in drinking water.
Environmental protection agency found california in noncompliance with the federal safe drinking water act, 95 community water systems in the state, serving more than 55,000 people, are still providing water with illegal levels of. It occurs less extensively in many other countries also. What is the standard for arsenic in drinking water. The drinking water disaster in flint, michigan, reminds us how important it is for government to let the public know when to avoid drinking contaminated water. The drinking water standard for arsenic fact sheet provides information on the potential health effects from exposure to arsenic, an overview of the final rule, and background information on the natural occurrence of arsenic. The amount of arsenic in well water varies from place to place. Public water system monitoring results are available on the oregon drinking water services data online website. Drinking water arsenic rule history drinking water. Read the guide to color, taste, and odor of drinking water. What are epas drinking water regulations for arsenic. New epidemiological studies are critically evaluated, as are new experimental data that provide information on how and at what level arsenic in drinking water can lead to cancer. Longterm effects of arsenic in drinking water water canada. Approximately 90% of industrial arsenic in the united states is used as a wood preservative.
Pdf arsenic is a dangerous contaminant that occurs naturally in the groundwater in many parts of the world, including india. This book discusses the adequacy of the current epa mcl for protecting human health in the context of stated epa policy and provides an unbiased scientific basis for deriving the arsenic standard for drinking water and surface water. This information is also available as a pdf document. Arsenic guidelines for canadian drinking water quality. On february 22, 2002 a new epa rule for arsenic in drinking water became effective. The committees analyses and conclusions are presented in arsenic in drinking water. However, drinking water with arsenic at levels lower than the epa standard over many years can still increase your risk of cancer. Arsenic concentrations vary in accordance with geographic location. The environmental protection agencys decision in the summer of 2001 to delay implementing a new, more stringent standard for the maximum allowable level for arsenic in drinking water generated a great deal of criticism and controversy. Call the maine cdc at 8662923474, tollfree in maine, or 2072874311 to speak to an expert about arsenic in your well water. Drinking water that contains arsenic as a result of proper or improper use or disposal of wastes. The most serious damage to health has taken place in bangladesh and west bengal, india.
Chemical contaminant rules drinking water requirements for. It does not enter the body through the skin or by inhalation during bathing or showering. Public drinking water providers must monitor for arsenic. Recognizing the significant health effects, the epa has lowered its drinking water standard for arsenic. Maximum contaminant level recommendations for arsenic in drinking water executive summary arsenic is a known human carcinogen and is known to occur in new jersey drinking water sources. Sep 20, 20 while municipal water suppliers are required to meet the e. Arsenic contamination of groundwater is a form of groundwater pollution which is often due to naturally occurring high concentrations of arsenic in deeper levels of groundwater. If problems continue with your drinking water and your water comes from a public water supply, contact your regional massdep office. Having safe drinking water is important to all americans. Arsenic is also a byproduct of smelting, mining and the burning of fossil fuels. Source waters with this ratio are potential candidates for arsenic removal by iron removal. It is important to know how much arsenic is in your drinking water and how you can reduce your exposure. Arsenic levels can vary between wells, even within a small area. Recommendations for arsenic removal from private wells.
Arsenic in drinking water minnesota department of health. Arsenic contamination of groundwater in the terai region of. Drinking water that contains arsenic can increase your risk of cancer and other serious health effects. Groundwater sources such as bores are usually at greater risk of contamination from inorganic arsenic than surface and rain water supplies. Epa has set 10 ppb as the allowable level for arsenic in drinking water maximum contaminant level. Most surface water is too contaminated to drink, so groundwater has all but replaced other water sources for most people in this region. Higher levels of arsenic tend to be found more in ground water sources than in surface water sources lakes and rivers of drinking water.
Water sources in some parts of the united states have higher. Arsenic is a naturally occurring element found in the earths crust that is found most everywhere. Unfortunately, there is no way to know the arsenic level in water before a well is drilled. Arsenic in drinking water the national academies press. These impacts include, but are not limited to, cancer of the skin, bladder, lung, kidney, nasal passages, liver and prostate usepa, 2001. A treatment device applied to the drinking water entering a house or building for the purpose of reducing the contaminants in the drinking water distributed through all, or a portion of, the house or building. Arsenic is a naturally occurring element that can be found in both public and private groundwater supplies. A significant reduction in the maximum contaminant level mcl could increase compliance costs for water utilities.
Arsenic is a natural element found widely in the earths crust. Arsenic in drinking water washington state department. The florida department of environmental protection drinking water standard for arsenic. Reduction in human exposure to arsenic can be achieved by screening drinking water supplies and clearly identifying those delivering water that exceed the who provisional guideline of 10 micrograms arsenic per litre or national permissible limits, in conjunction with awarenessraising campaigns. Severe health effects have been observed in populations drinking arsenic contaminated water over long periods, and research has established that drinking water contaminated with arsenic causes skin cancer and several internal cancers. Read the drinking water standard for arsenic fact sheet pdf 2 pp, 140 k, about pdf epa 815f00015, january 2001. The best source of drinking water quality data is compiled by the epa and the states in the safe drinking water information system sdwis. Arsenic in drinking water may have harmful health effects depending on how much you consume and. It has both organic and inorganic forms, but inorganic arsenic is much more toxic. When arsenic levels are found to be too high at a specific location, it. Arsenic in drinking water idaho department of environmental. The devices must be owned, controlled, and maintained by the public water utility or by an agency under contract with the water utility.
Nationwide, researchers say, about million people get drinking water from private wells with arsenic levels above the federal standard. The only way to determine if you are consuming drinking water with unsafe levels of arsenic is to have a water sample tested by a certified drinking water laboratory. Arsenic and drinking water july, 2004 your health could be effected by the level of arsenic in your drinking water. Elevated levels of naturally occurring arsenic have been found in parts of washington. Today, usage of arsenic containing pesticides and wood preservatives is restricted. It may be found in some drinking water supplies, including wells.
In fact, most drinking water contains a range of naturally occurring elements andor compounds. Clinical observations of patients in the arsenic affected districts revealed chronic arsenic poisoning from drinking water. Arsenic and drinking water from private wells centers for disease control and prevention cdc arsenic in drinking water pdf, 230 kb world health organization who arsenic in ground water of the united states united states geological survey usgs contact information for certification programs and certified. If arsenic levels remain above the drinking water standard of 10 ppb 0. High levels above the new standard have been found in groundwater at various locations throughout the united states. Jan 08, 2002 arsenic has probably always been in drinking water because it is found throughout the earths crust in a variety of compounds. Safe water must be free from pathogens and dangerous concentrations of chemical contaminants such as arsenic or fluoride. A 2007 study found that over 7 million people in more. Mitigating arsenic in drinking water 3 the human right to safe water drinking water quality is a major concern in countries throughout the world. The main source of arsenic in drinking water is arsenic rich rocks through which the water has filtered. Drinking water quality centers for disease control and. Arsenic can get into drinking water from natural deposits or runoff from agriculture, mining and industrial processes.