Over half 55% of children living in child headed household are 14 years of age and older. The south african institute of race relations released these and other. Childheaded households in rural zimbabwe better care network. South africa is a signatory to a number of international and regional treaties and conventions committing to the protection and care of all children in the country, such as the united nations convention on the rights of the child and the african charter on the rights and welfare of the child and is. By focusing on femaleheaded households in a rural south african. The need for childrens participation in early childhood interventions, south african journal of childhood. Pdf a geographical profile of child deprivation in south africa.
The detailed discussion on the trends and nature of childheaded households is provided in the following section. Such households have become an increasingly common occurrence in subsaharan africa, as a result, in particular, of the hivaids pandemic. The definition of childheaded households for the purpose of this research is, a household wherein the head child is younger than 18 years old, i. The legal and ethical dilemmas when children are the primary caregivers in a therapeutic relationship 20. Welfare institutions have struggled to come to terms with childheaded households. Cash transfer ct programs play a vital role in the provision of social protection systems through regular and predictable cash payments to ultrapoor households.
The purpose of this study was to provide a broad picture of the location, prevalence, composition, functions, needs and challenges of childheaded households in south africa. Cyclone idai rapid gender analysis rga care zimbabwe. Training in malaria prevention and provision of insecticidetreated mosquito nets. The experiences of children carrying responsibility for child headed households as a result of parental death due to hivaids. Less than one fifth of households in south africa take the form of a nuclear. The number of chh has sometimes been mapped, and one study in 2000, which drew together statistics from various national or district reports, found the prevalence of chh was 30 per 1,000 households in the rakai.
The schooling experiences of secondary school learners. Dec 16, 2008 a question of life or death treatment access for children living with hiv in kenya map of kenya i. The presidency office of the rights of the child commissioned a study on the situational analysis of children in south africa. Where are most childheaded households in south africa. The childheaded household chh is a rapidly growing phenomenon in contemporary africa in general and zimbabwe, in particular, mainly due to increased deaths of. Social profile of vulnerable groups statistics south africa. The consolidated strategy and guidelines stipulate a vision as well as objectives to be achieved in making sure that the rights of childhea. The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do. Poverty prevails predominantly in rural families, women headed households, households headed by older persons and households headed by retrenched farm workers, families affected by hivaids and child headed households. In addition, the female literacy rate was estimated at 44 percent. The assumption has been made that youth are older and able to cope with their. Cso 698 project paper gaciuki per pet u a c50p904805 a project paper submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of master of arts, in rural sociology and community development at the university of.
The majority of studies on child headed families in subsaharan africa have focused on their physical and socioeconomic factors, such as access to education, food, shelter and clothing, factors which are observable and therefore easier to address. The report uses general household survey ghs data from 2002 to 2012. In africa, children as young as 9 are heading households. Then he provides an understanding of problematising as conceptualised in the theories postulated by freire and foucault.
Statistics south africa census 2011 municipal report, limpopo, report 030157 v table 9. Joseph telfair, drph, msw, mph professor and director, public health research and practice. An assessment of impact of poverty on female headed. Rwandas map has an effective mechanism for channeling funds to civil society groups, which have received nearly half of the map project funds. Africa faces a new phenomenon of children heading households. They estimated that by 2014 the number of children living in childheaded households would be about 5. The study highlights that childheaded households are a deviation from the norm and they create a situation where needs of children are unmet and their rights are eroded. Distribution of the population by age and sex, belabela municipality 1996, 2001 and 2011. Kenya has an established cash transfer program for orphans and vulnerable children. Social functioning of a child headed household and the role of social work. The effects of hivaids on families in south africa and how we are addressing these impa cts high levels of child headed households as parents are dying. The extent, nature and circumstances of childheaded households in south africa. View childheaded households research papers on academia.
Abdool and abdool 2008 indicate in south africa the majority of orphans who live in childheaded households are below the age of 18. The statistical brief of child headed households in south africa compiled by the childrens institute found that in 2006, 0. Household size and composition around the world 2017. An analysis of national household surveys to examine the circumstances of children in childheaded households in south africa revealed that most children in childonly households are not orphans 1 and 84% have a living mother. Analysing the nature and extent of childheaded households. The eu trust fund for africa funded project aims to strengthen advocacy for asylum law, popularize. Research in south africa in a south african general household survey show that 100 000 children were living in a household headed by a child phillips, 2011.
Millions of children have lost their parents andor primary caregivers due to a variety of reasons of which the hivaids pandemic can be singled out as a. As of 18 sept 2014, the cumulative number of ebola cases probable, confirmed and suspected in the countries with. Zimbabwe is a former british colony and a young county having gained political. Foster 2000 reported that some households are headed by children as young as 10 to 12 years. The internal trafficking of persons in south africa1 was completed over a period of six months, beginning in march and ending in september 2008, with the aim of providing relevant qualitative findings concerning the internal trafficking of persons. Children, families and the state childrens institute. Most literature on femaleheadship in africa focuses on childrens. The role of social work in mobilising resources to meet the unmet needs and championing for the rights of the. The thirteenth issue of the south african child gauge focuses on children in relation to families and the state, both of which are central to providing for children and supporting their development. A childheaded household is a family in which a minor child or adolescent has become the head of the household. Hiv and aids, is decimating african society, most specific subsaharan africa, dismantling family systems and resulting into millions of orphans and child headed households. Developmental experiences of ovc in child headed households and the impact on cognition and learning mncedisi c. In this study i investigate how children in child headed households make meaning of their lives. Sarah, gloria, gideon and grace, with whom i share the calling to make a difference in this hurting world.
A demographic overview katharine hall and zitha mokomane t his chapter gives an overview of childrens living arrangements in south africa, drawing mainly on household surveys. Doctor of laws lld in the centre for human rights, faculty of law, university of pretoria. In the vast majority 88% of childheaded households there is at least one child who is 15 or older. Child headed households often live in poor conditions. As child headed households occur within the social environment, i wanted to understand the suffering of these children, more especially in south africa where the situation is grim. What is not known is the prevalence of these households and how to deal with the childrens psychosocial problems. Pdf the study concentrates on the capabilities of children and young people to cope in childheaded households in port elizabeth, south africa. Distribution of households, adults and children in south africa. A situational analysis of childheaded households in south. Kingdom of swaziland november 24, 2012 document of the world bank report no. Once identified, an assessment of the needs of the child and youthheaded households is done and thereafter linked to the necessary therapeutic interventions and resources. An exploratory and descriptive design was used for the purpose.
Census 2011 municipal report limpopo statistics south africa. The increasing number of female headed households was identified by diana pearce 1978 as one of the causes of increased poverty among women when she coined the term feminization of poverty, describing. Some households also include adults incapacitated by age, disability, illhealth or dependence on alcohol. Distribution of households, adults and children in south africa, by province, 2018. Developmental experiences of ovc in childheaded households. It is in this context that childrens rights to provision, protection and participation in. Map community grants for hiv initiatives rwandas map has an effective mechanism for. Advantage africa s support to children and vulnerable adults living in maseses slums over the past five years has included. We find considerable heterogeneity among rural femaleheaded households and their. Household size and composition around the orld 2017 11 the proportion of households that includes both a child under 15 years of age and an older person aged 60 years or over, is highest in senegal.
The case of children orphaned by aids in kisumu and siaya districts a research project report by ayieko, m a, phd i. There is a noteworthy increase of childheaded households in south africa. Having lost parents and close relatives, child headed households experience extreme difficulties in accessing basic survival needs. Treatment access for children living with hiv in kenya hrw. Demography of south africas children childrens institute. Therefore it can be inferred that more than one million children may be in childheaded households by the year 2015. To date, 3 214 childheaded households and 6 522 youthheaded households have been identified and assisted by this dsd programme in south africa. Various studies have been undertaken on childheaded households, but there is a lack of research on the personal experiences of youth heading households. Childheaded households chhs have become a common and integral part of south african society. The plight of children living in sas childheaded households was not adequately addressed. Ian breda 2010 cites a research in south africa by chiastilite 2008 where it was found out that 7 270 of the 2. There is widespread concern that the numbers of children living in childheaded households are rapidly increasing as a result of aidsrelated adult mortality in much of subsaharan africa.
They are most common in developing countries and areas of war, where the childrens parents have been killed by conflict or disease. It was also established that childheaded households face a number of socioeconomic problems. Liana when fost first met liana, she was living on a farm near mutare. The eldest child becomes the head caregiver within a household. Legally recognising childheaded households through a rightsbased approach. Alternative child care and deinstitutionalisation in sub. Statistics south africa, 2014 report no 031006 80pp isbn 9780621418736 a complete set of stats sa publications is available at stats sa library and the following libraries. Sept 2014 taking into account the different needs of women, girls, boys and men makes humanitarian response more effective and accountable to all affected populations. Social functioning of a childheaded household and the role of social work.
Finally the psychosocial needs of the child headed households for acceptance and participation within communities were considered. This situation is due to illness or death of the parents. Childheaded family simple english wikipedia, the free. Governmentfunded programmes and services for vulnerable. In cases where parents have become ill and incapacitated, the child may take over many of the household duties. Child headed households, the emerging phenomenon in urban informal settlements. It is known that childheaded households do exist in south africa and that children living in these households are vulnerable.
Ovc supporta global hub on children affected by aids. The childheaded household is a rapidly growing phenomenon in contemporary africa in general and zimbabwe in particular mainly due to increased death rates of parents caused by hiv and aids and the weakened state of the extended family safety net in taking up care and raising responsibilities for. The child population of gauteng has grown by 42% since 2002, making it the. Country group road map food and agriculture organization. Performance in schools by students from child headed. Predictions of rapidly increasing numbers of childheaded households as a result of hiv are at this point unrealised. This work considers the challenges to livelihood survival and the nonmaterial needs of those in child headed households in rwanda within the realities of daily life. Pdf female headed households contending with hivaids. The aim of the study was to explore the health behavior, health seeking behavior and issues of access to health and social care services to children coming from child headed household families in a selected district in kwazulu natal. The focus of this study is to evaluate to what extent orphans cope with the. But what now are the impacts that hivaids is having on families in south africa and what we are doing about it. The africa regional and hd network at the world bank is developing a regional strategy and action program to ensure that the bank, through its education and multisector hivaids projects map, helps african countries systematically address the interaction between hivaids and education. About 90% of all childheaded households are located in three provinces limpopo, kwazulu. A wide range of eligible organizations ngos and community development commissions were screened, accredited, and recruited to help smaller associations prepare subprojects and access map funds.
Singleparent households have become the norm in south africa, while nearly 100 000 children live in childheaded households. Most literature on femaleheadship in africa focuses on childrens wellbeing and. Poverty trends in south africa statistics south africa. Liana is albino which means that she has a lot of health problems, her eyesight is very poor and her skin is very sensitive to the strong sun. Thus, it was recommended that childheaded families should be supported by government and other parapublic institutions. In the 2001 census there were 248 427 registered child headed households. The childrens institute at the university of cape town was appointed as the service provider and the costs for the research were sponsored by unicef. Income in orphan households has been found to be 2030% lower than in nonorphan households richter, 2004.
This article looks at what is known and what needs further research. This systematic analysis of representative national surveys over the period 2000 2007 aimed to shed light on the extent to which this is the case. Children are becoming the head of the household in many families. Over half 55% of children living in childheaded households are 14 or older. S tsegaye, hivaids, orphans and childheaded households in subsaharan africa, african child policy forum 2008 17. A childheaded family or childheaded household is a family in which a minor child or adolescent has become the head of the household. The ghs is a household survey that has been executed annually by stats sa since 2002 in response to a need expressed by the government of south africa to determine the level of development in the country and the. Recently, most child headed households have been found to consist of between 1 or 3 members poueslen, 2012. Perhaps we could start with rural populations focusing on child headed households and pregnant and lactating. Oneparent households are more prevalent in africa and in latin america and the. Malawi orphans and vulnerable children fact sheet fact. The sample consisted of children heading households and. World family map, sponsored by child trends and a range of educational and nongovernmental.
The present research contributes to the burgeoning body of knowledge on childheaded families and poverty. The shape of childrens families and households childrens institute. The legal and ethical implications when children are the primary caregivers in a therapeutic relationship chapter pdf available january 20 with. Child headed households, the emerging phenomenon in urban. Figure 27 femaleheaded households take in more orphans. Child headed household in south africa there are 105 000 child eaded h households in south africa of which 63% of these children still have parents, 10% of these children are double orphans and 26. Africa s orphaned generations 2003a, but with the rapid increase of orphans, this traditional system of. Legally recognising childheaded households through a.
In particular, how to deal with the complex and varied nature of these households that requires the involvement of several sectors and cooperation between all spheres of government and civil society. The definition of such childheaded households is dependent on their identification by welfare services and a discretionary decision by the provincial head of social development that it is in. Aug ai cyclone idai rapid gender analysis rga care zimbabwe summary of key findings tropical cyclone idai made landfall during the night of 14 to 15 march 2019 near beira city in central. Challenges facing children from child lam sciencespo bordeaux. Psychological implications of hiv and aids on childheaded.
Child headed households, the emerging phenomenon in urban informal settlements in kenya this study is centred on the phenomenon of the child headed household in urban informal settlements in kenya. Percentage of female household heads who were lone mothers with children. A geographical profile of child deprivation in south africa household or the number of children living in a child headed household, divided by the total population. This map does not reflect a position by unicef on the legal status of any country or. International, interdisciplinary perspectives, interdisciplinary press, 20.
In 2012 almost 44% of child headed households consisted of only one child. Early childhood development in africacan we do more for less. This is linked to the hivaids pandemic in the country. It draws attention to the diversity of family forms and living arrangements, and to the. South africa is a middleincome country, yet twothirds of all children live in households with incomes below the poverty line. And to the young household heads like annet nakambala who, have courageously taken care of their siblings in child headed households. However, it should be noted that childheaded households are not only a phenomenon produced when children are orphaned. The childrens act definition of a childheaded household.